System, software and hardware methods of control of reliability, Control methods with structural, temporary & information redundancy - Research of control systems

System, software, and hardware validation methods

System methods include: optimization of the processing structure; maintenance of the equipment characteristics within the specified limits; increasing the processing culture; training and incentives for staff; creation of an optimal number of copies and (or) history of the programs of the source and current data; definition

the optimal value of data packets and the speed of primary processing, procedures for accessing data arrays, etc.

The software methods increase the reliability of information is that in the preparation of data processing procedures, they provide additional operations that have a mathematical or logical connection with the data processing algorithm. Comparison of the results of these additional operations with the results of data processing makes it possible to establish with a certain probability the presence or absence of errors. Based on this comparison, as a rule, it is possible to correct the detected error.

Hardware methods control and error detection can perform almost the same functions as software. But the hardware methods detect errors faster and closer to their origin, as well as errors that are not available for software methods.

All of the above methods of data processing control are based on the use of a certain redundancy.

Methods of control with structural, temporal and information redundancy

Structural redundancy requires the introduction of additional elements in the computer system (redundancy of information arrays and program modules, implementation of the same functions by different programs, circuit control in computer hardware systems, etc.).

Temporary redundancy is associated with the possibility of repeated repetition of a certain controlled stage of data processing. Usually the treatment step is repeated repeatedly and the results of the treatment are compared. If an error is detected, corrections and re-processing are performed.

Information redundancy can be natural and artificial. Natural information redundancy reflects objectively existing links between processing elements, the presence of which allows you to judge the reliability of information. Artificial information redundancy is characterized by the introduction of additional information bits in the digital representation of the processed data and additional operations in the processing procedure that have a mathematical or logical connection with the data processing algorithm. Based on the analysis of the results of additional operations and data processing procedures, as well as additional information bits, the presence or absence of errors of a certain type is revealed, as well as the possibility of their correction.

In studies on improving the reliability of information, the interference immunity and reliability of information transmission and processing systems are considered together from the perspective of the quality of such systems.

Depending on the nature of the information, the features of the system's algorithms, as well as the tasks facing its addressees, it is possible to determine the following dependencies of the content of information on errors in its transmission: the semantic volume of information in the message decreases in proportion to the number of distorted digits in the code combination of this message ; distortion of one or more digits leads to almost complete loss of the rest of the information contained in the semantic segment of information in the message.